Papers, 1927-1979

Bethune, Mary McLeod, 1875-1955

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Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (born Mary Jane McLeod; July 10, 1875 – May 18, 1955) was an American educator, stateswoman, philanthropist, humanitarian, womanist, and civil rights activist. Bethune founded the National Council for Negro Women in 1935, established the organization's flagship journal Aframerican Women's Journal, and resided as president or leader for myriad African American women's organizations including the National Association for Colored Women and the National Youth Administration'...

Acheson, Dean, 1893-1971

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Dean Acheson, U.S. Secretary of State, born Dean Gooderham Acheso, in Middletown, Connecticut, on April 11, 1893. After being educated at Yale University (1912-1915) and Harvard Law School (1915-18) he became private secretary to the Supreme Court Justice, Louis Brandeis from 1919 to 1921. A supporter of the Democratic Party, Acheson worked for a law firm in Washington, D.C., before President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him Under Secretary of the Treasury in 1933. During World War II (1941),...

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

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Organizational History and List of Officers Organizational History 1909 Issued the “Call,” a statement calling for a conference to protest discrimination and violence against African Americans Convened the National Negro Conference on May 31 and June 1, New York, N.Y. E...

Yates, Sidney Richard, 1909-2000

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Sidney Richard Yates (August 27, 1909 – October 5, 2000) was an American lawyer and politician. A member of the Democratic Party, he served as the U.S. Representative from Illinois's 9th congressional district from 1949 to 1963 and again from 1965 to 1999. A native of Chicago, he graduated from Lake View High School there in 1928. Yates received bachelor's (1931) and law (1933) degrees from the University of Chicago, was admitted to the bar, and practiced law in Chicago. In addition to workin...

Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965

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Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (February 5, 1900 – July 14, 1965) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat. Raised in Bloomington, Illinois, Stevenson was a member of the Democratic Party. He served in numerous positions in the federal government during the 1930s and 1940s, including the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Federal Alcohol Administration, Department of the Navy, and the State Department. In 1945, he served on the committee that created the United Nations, and he was a me...

Kemp, Maida Springer, 1910-2005

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Maida Springer Kemp (1910 – 2005) was an American labor organizer who worked extensively in the garment industry for a lot of labor standards at the time for men and women in America through the Local Union 22. She was also known for her extensive work in Africa for the AFL–CIO. Nicknamed "Mama Maida", she advised fledgling labor unions, set up education and training programs, and liaised between American and African labor leaders. In 1945, traveling to England on a labor-exchange trip, as well ...

Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972

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Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953, succeeding upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt after serving as the 34th vice president in early 1945. He implemented the Marshall Plan to rebuild the economy of Western Europe and established the Truman Doctrine and NATO to contain communist expansion. He proposed numerous liberal domestic reforms, but few were enacted by the Conservative Coalition that dominated Congres...

Strauss, Anna Lord, 1899-1979

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Anna Lord Strauss, civic worker, was born in New York City on September 20, 1899, the daughter of Albert and Lucretia Mott (Lord) Strauss and the maternal great-granddaughter of the abolitionist and woman suffrage leader Lucretia Mott. She was educated in New York City and attended the New York School of Secretaries. In 1918 she became a secretary in the New York office of the Federal Reserve Board. She held several similar positions in state and federal government before joining t...

Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 1900-1980

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Helen Gahagan Douglas (November 25, 1900 – June 28, 1980) was an American actress and politician. Her career included success on Broadway, as a touring opera singer, and the starring role in the 1935 movie She, in which her portrayal of the villain inspired Disney's Evil Queen in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). Born Helen Mary Gahagan in Boonton, New Jersey and raised in the Park Slope area of Brooklyn, New York, she graduated from the prestigious Berkeley School for Girls and at the ...

Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994

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First Lady Jacqueline Lee “Jackie” (Bouvier) Kennedy Onassis was a symbol of strength for a traumatized nation after the assassination of one the country’s most energetic political figures, President John F. Kennedy, who served from 1961 to 1963. The inauguration of John F. Kennedy in 1961 brought to the White House and to the heart of the nation a beautiful young wife and the first young children of a President in half a century. She was born Jacqueline Lee Bouvier, daughter of John Verno...

Jordan, Barbara, 1936-1996

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Barbara Charline Jordan (February 21, 1936 – January 17, 1996) was an American lawyer, educator and politician who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. A Democrat, she was the first African American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction and the first Southern African-American woman elected to the United States House of Representatives. She was best known for her eloquent opening statement at the House Judiciary Committee hearings during the impeachment process against Richard Ni...

Collins, Cardiss, 1931-2013

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Cardiss Hortense Collins (née Robertson; September 24, 1931 – February 3, 2013) was an American politician from Illinois who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1973 to 1997. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the fourth African-American woman in Congress and the first to represent the Midwest. Collins was elected to Congress in the June 5, 1973 special election to replace her husband, George, who had died in the December 8, 1972 United Airlines Flight 553 plane cras...

Diggs, Charles C., 1922-1998

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Charles Coles Diggs Jr. (December 2, 1922 – August 24, 1998) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Michigan who served in the state senate and U.S. House of Representatives. Diggs was an early member of the civil rights movement. In September 1955, the Michigan Representative garnered national attention when he attended the trial of the two white Mississippians accused of murdering Emmett Till. He was also elected the first chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus and was a staunch...

Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr., 1908-1972

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Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (November 29, 1908 – April 4, 1972) was a Baptist pastor and an American politician, who represented the Harlem neighborhood of New York City in the United States House of Representatives from 1945 until 1971. He was the first African-American to be elected from New York to Congress. Re-elected for nearly three decades, Powell became a powerful national politician of the Democratic Party, and served as a national spokesman on civil rights and social issues. He also urg...

De Priest, Oscar, 1871-1951

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Oscar Stanton De Priest (March 9, 1871 – May 12, 1951) was an American politician and civil rights advocate from Chicago. A member of the Illinois Republican Party, he was the first African American to be elected to Congress in the 20th century. During his three terms, he was the only African American serving in Congress. He served as a U.S. Representative from Illinois' 1st congressional district from 1929 to 1935. De Priest was also the first African-American U.S. Representative from outside t...

Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007

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Lady Bird Johnson was born Claudia Alta Taylor in Karnack, Texas on December 22, 1912. Her parents were Thomas Jefferson Taylor and Minnie Pattillo Taylor, and she had two older brothers, Tommy and Tony. Her mother died when she was only five years old, and her Aunt Effie Pattillo moved to Karnack to look after her. At an early age, a nursemaid said she was "as purty as a lady bird," and thereafter she became known to her family and friends as Lady Bird. She graduated from Marshall High School i...

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962

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Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady throughout her husband President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s four terms in office (1933-1945). She was an American politician, diplomat, and activist who later served as a United Nations spokeswoman. A shy, awkward child, starved for recognition and love, Eleanor Roosevelt grew into a woman with great sensitivity to the underprivileged of all creeds, races, and nations. Her constant work to improve their lot made her one of the most loved–...

Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973

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Lyndon Baines Johnson, also known as LBJ, was born on August 27, 1908 at Stonewall, Texas. He was the first child of Sam Ealy Johnson, Jr., and Rebekah Baines Johnson, and had three sisters and a brother: Rebekah, Josefa, Sam Houston, and Lucia. In 1913, the Johnson family moved to nearby Johnson City, named for Lyndon''s forebears, and Lyndon entered first grade. On May 24, 1924 he graduated from Johnson City High School. He decided to forego higher education and moved to California with a few ...

Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978

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Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr. (May 27, 1911 – January 13, 1978) was an American politician who served as the 38th vice president of the United States from 1965 to 1969. He twice served in the United States Senate, representing Minnesota from 1949 to 1964 and 1971 to 1978. He was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 1968 presidential election, losing to Republican nominee Richard Nixon. Born in Wallace, South Dakota, Humphrey attended the University of Minnesota. At one point he helped run his ...

Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963

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John Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, 1917, to Joseph P. Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy of Brookline, Massachusetts. John Kennedy, the second of nine children, attended Choate Academy (1932-1935), Princeton University (1935-36), Harvard College (1936-40), and Stanford Business School (1941). In 1940, he published a book based on his senior thesis entitled "Why England Slept." The book criticized British policy of Appeasement. In 1941, Kennedy enlisted in the Navy. In August 1943, Kenn...

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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Lafontant, Jewell, 1922-

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Wilcox, Francis O. (Francis Orlando), 1908-1985

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Government executive. From the description of Reminiscences of Francis Orlando Wilcox : oral history, 1972. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122619843 Educator and U.S. government official, d. 1985. From the description of Papers, 1929-1985. (University of Iowa Libraries). WorldCat record id: 28411681 Educator, U.S. government official, and author. From the description of Papers of Francis O. Wilcox, 1929-198...

White, Walter Francis, 1893-1955

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Executive secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. From the description of Correspondence with Johan Thorsten Sellin, 1935. (University of Pennsylvania Library). WorldCat record id: 243854199 Walter Francis White (1893-1955), was an African American civil rights activist and leader of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) from 1931-1955. Walter White married Leah Gladys Powell (1893-1979) in 1922, and they ...

Franklin, John Hope, 1915-

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1915, Jan. 2 John Hope Franklin born in Rentiesville, Oklahoma to Buck Colbert and Mollie Franklin 1935 Completed Bachelor of Arts in history at Fisk University 1940, June 11 Married Aurelia E. Whittington, librarian 1941 ...

Hefner, Hugh M. (Hugh Marston), 1926-

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Kennedy, Robert F. (Robert Francis), 1925-1968

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Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also referred to by his initials RFK and occasionally by the nickname Bobby, was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 64th United States Attorney General from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. Senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968. He was the brother of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Senator Edward Moore Kennedy. Kennedy and his brothers were born into a wealthy,...

Sampson, Edith S. (Edith Spurlock), 1901?-1979

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Daughter of Louis and Elizabeth (McGruder) Spurlock, Sampson was born on October 13, 1901, in Pittsburgh, Pa. She studied at the New York School of Social Work and the University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration before receiving her law degree from John Marshall Law School in 1925. In 1927 she received an LL.M. from Loyola University, and was admitted to the Illinois bar; in 1935 she was admitted to practice law before the United States Supreme Court. At the age of...

Morrison, deLesseps S. (deLesseps Story), 1912-1964

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deLesseps S. Morrison was a representative for Orleans Parish in the Louisiana Legislature (1940-1946), mayor of New Orleans (1946-1961), and U.S. ambassador to the Organization of American States (1961-1964). From the description of deLesseps Story Morrison papers, 1961-1964. (Louisiana State University). WorldCat record id: 319169279 ...

Dulles, John Foster, 1888-1959

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John Foster Dulles (1888-1959), was the fifty-third Secretary of State of the United States for President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He had a long and distinguished public career with significant impact upon the formulation of United States foreign policies. He was especially involved with efforts to establish world peace after World War I, the role of the United States in world governance, and Cold War relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. Dulles was born on February 25, 1888 ...

Finnegan, Edward R. (Edward Rowan), 1905-1971

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Khan, Liaquat Ali, 1895-1951

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Shriver, Sargent, 1915-2011

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Robert Sargent Shriver (b. 1915-d. Jan. 18, 2011), brother-in-law of John F. Kennedy, lawyer, businessman, government official, and diplomat, was Assistant General Manager, Merchandise Mart from 1948 to 1961. During and after the Kennedy administration, her served as the Director of the Peace Corps from 1961 to 1966, Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity from 1964 to 1968, and Special Assistant to President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1965 to 1968. Shriver later served as Ambassador to Franc...

Buford, Ligon

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American Negro Emancipation Centennial Commission.

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Murray, Pauli, 1910-1985

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Pauli Murray (1910-1985) was a lawyer, scholar, writer, educator, administrator, religious leader, civil rights and women's rights activist. She was a co-founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW) and the first black woman to be ordained as an Episcopal minister. She spent much of her life in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, and Washington, D.C. From the description of Proud shoes : the story of an American family : typescript, 1956 / by Pauli Murray. (New York Public Library)....

Church, Frank

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BIOGRAPHY United States Senator from Idaho. From the guide to the Frank Church Speech, 1960, (Stanford University. Libraries. Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives.) Rod Gramer was born in Boise in 1953 and graduated from the University of Idaho with a degree in history in 1975. He was a journalist with the Idaho Statesman when he began research for a biography of Frank Church in 1978 with fell...

Louchheim, Katie (Scofield), 1903-

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United States Citizens Commission on NATO

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Cooper, John Sherman, 1901-1991

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Lawyer, politician, U.S. senator, and ambassador. From the description of Letters, 1951-1977. (Filson Historical Society, The). WorldCat record id: 49211527 Judge, U.S. Senator, Ambassador Cooper was born in Somerset, Ky. and educated in the city's public schools. He was a gifted athlete and president of his senior class. In 1918 he entered Centre College and transferred to Yale University after one year. In 1923 he entered Harvard Law School, but qu...

Chicago Committee of One Hundred.

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World Town Hall

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Wall, Frederick P.

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Roosevelt University

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Hagmayer, Albert

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Height, Dorothy, 1912-

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Bowles, Chester, 1901-1986

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United States ambassador to India, 1951-1953 and 1963-1969. From the description of The Indo-American development program : the problems and opportunities : mimeograph, 1952. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 754867525 Chester Bowles was born on April 5, 1901, in Springfield, Massachusetts. He graduated from Yale University in 1924 (B.S.) and established the advertising firm of Benton and Bowles, with William Benton, in 1929. Bowles served in the Office of Price Administration ...

Murphy, Morgan F. (Morgan Francis), 1932-

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Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 1902-1985

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U.S. representative to the United Nations. From the description of Correspondence 1957. (Denver Public Library). WorldCat record id: 50307057 United States Senator and ambassador. From the description of Henry Cabot Lodge letter to Harriet L. White [manuscript], 1960 August 8. (University of Virginia). WorldCat record id: 466876849 Henry Cabot Lodge (1902-1985) was a journalist, U.S. Senator, and diplomat, and the grandson of statesman Henry Cabot Lodge,...

O'Hara, Barratt, 1882-1969

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Barratt O'Hara enjoyed one of Illinois' longest legislative careers. He represented the Second Congressional District of Illinois in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1948 until 1968. Prior to his election to Congress, he was the Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, 1913-1917, and a partner in the law firm of William H. Sexton, 1939-1948, representing the city of Chicago in traction litigation and subway construction cases. Barratt O'Hara was elected to Congress as a Democrat and sat on the Hou...

Williams, Chester S. (Chester Sidney), 1907-1992

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American Chester Sidney Williams (b. 1907) was an administrator of educational programs and a public relations officer for the United States and the United Nations, from 1930 to 1952. From 1952 to 1963, he was a public relations consultant for private businesses and non-profit agencies. In 1968, Williams retired to Sarasota, Florida, where became very involved in community affairs and hosted radio and television programs. Williams advocated for global awareness and an emphasis on internationalis...

Simon, Paul, 1928-2003

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U.S. Senator, Congressman, presidential candidate, Illinois lieutenant governor and member of the Illinois House of Representatives and Illinois State Senate, author. Bought a newspaper in Troy, Ill. when he was 19 and eventually owned 14 newspapers. Authored books on Elijah Lovejoy and Abraham Lincoln as well as issues like world hunger and the environment. After retiring from the senate he founded the Public Policy Institute at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale where he taught and con...

Daley, Richard J., 1902-1976

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Kerner, Otto, 1908-1976

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Kerner was a Chicago lawyer, U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Illinois, county judge, Illinois governor (1961-1968), and court of appeals judge, from which post he was removed after a criminal conviction. He spent some months in the Federal Correctional Institution at Lexington, Kentucky. From the description of Letters, August 10, 1974; January 10 and 29, 1975. (Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library). WorldCat record id: 434841882 Kerner was a Chicago lawyer, U. S....

Bunche, Ralph J. (Ralph Johnson), 1904-1971

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Ralph Bunche was Secretary of United Nations. From the description of Letter (typewritten) to Abraham Stavsky, 1967, February 28. (Regent University). WorldCat record id: 49291995 Ralph Johnson Bunche b 1904; educated at University of California, Los Angeles (AB), Harvard University (AM, PhD); Chairman, Dept of Political Science, Howard University, Washington DC, 1928-1950; Director, Trusteeship Department, Unted Nations, 1946-1954; acting UN Mediator on Palestine, 1948-1949...

Douglas, William O. (William Orville), 1898-1980

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Associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and professor of law. From the description of William O. Douglas papers, 1801-1980 (bulk 1923-1975). (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 71068743 William O. Douglas was nominated to the Supreme Court by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939. His nearly thirty-seven year tenure as a Supreme Court justice was the longest in the history of the court. From the guide to ...

Kefauver, Estes, 1903-1963

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Senator. From the description of Reminiscences of Estes Kefauver : oral history, 1957. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122419842 Estes Kefauver was a long-time senator from Tennessee and an unsuccessful candidate for the Democratic Party nomination for president. From the description of Personal papers, 1934-1939 (University of Tennessee). WorldCat record id: 44918282 Carey Estes Kefauver (b. July 26, 1903, Monroe Count...

Macleish, Archibald

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Archibald MacLeish (1892-1982) was an American poet. Kaiser is a professor of comparative literature at Harvard. From the description of Letters to Walter Jacob Kaiser, 1955-1957 and undated. (Harvard University). WorldCat record id: 612367921 MacLeish (1892-1982) was a Pulitzer Prize winning American poet, playwright, teacher, librarian of Congress, and public official. He was also Boylston professor at Harvard (1949-1962). From the description of Scratch : manu...

Edwards, India

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Political activist. From the description of Reminiscences of India Edwards : oral history, 1978. (Columbia University In the City of New York). WorldCat record id: 122598141 Government official and journalist. From the description of Papers, 1928-1977. (Harry S Truman Library). WorldCat record id: 70943999 Edwards was born in Chicago and worked as a journalist (1918-1942) before becoming active in the women's division of the Democratic Party...

Wilkins, Roy, 1901-1981

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Civil rights leader and journalist; d. 1981. From the description of Papers, 1915-1980. (Unknown). WorldCat record id: 31605113 Roy Wilkins was born in St. Louis, Missouri, grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota and graduated from the University of Minnesota. Wilkins edited the KANSAS CITY CALL, a Black newspaper, from 1923 to 1931. Wilkins became Assistant Secretary of the NAACP in 1931 and became Executive Secretary in 1955. Under his leadership the NAACP grew to 350,000 members. ...